Class X · Chapter 10 · NCERT Mathematics

CHAPTER 10

Circles

Tangents, Chords & the Perfect Curve

A circle holds infinite secrets — every tangent barely touches, every chord divides.

\(PA = PB (tangents from P)\)
7 CBSE Marks
Difficulty
9 Topics
High Board Weight

Topics Covered

9 key topics in this chapter

Tangent to a Circle
Number of Tangents from a Point
Tangent ⊥ Radius at Point of Contact
Tangents from External Point are Equal
Proof: Tangent-Radius Theorem
Length of Tangent Formula
Tangent & Secant
Angle in a Semicircle
Cyclic Quadrilateral (intro)

Study Resources

Key Formulas

Formula / Rule Expression
Tangent-Radius \(OT ⊥ PT (O = center, T = point of tangency)\)
Equal Tangents \(PA = PB (P = external point)\)
Length of Tangent \(PT = √(PO² − r²)\)
Tangent-Chord Angle \(Equals angle in alternate segment\)

Important Points to Remember

A tangent to a circle is perpendicular to the radius drawn to the point of tangency.
From an external point, exactly two tangents can be drawn to a circle, and they are equal in length.
The angle between a tangent and a chord drawn from the point of contact equals the angle in the alternate segment.
A chord drawn through the center is a diameter — the longest chord.
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