8
CBSE Marks
★★★★★
Difficulty
9
Topics
High
Board Weight
Topics Covered
9 key topics in this chapter
Experimental vs Theoretical Probability
Basic Definitions: Trial, Event, Sample Space
Equally Likely Outcomes
Classical Definition of Probability
Range of Probability: 0 ≤ P(E) ≤ 1
Complementary Events: P(Ē)=1−P(E)
Impossible & Sure Events
Problems: Cards, Coins, Dice
Real-Life Probability Problems
Study Resources
Key Formulas
| Formula / Rule | Expression |
|---|---|
| Probability | \(P(E) = n(E) / n(S)\) |
| Complementary Event | \(P(Ē) = 1 − P(E)\) |
| Impossible Event | \(P(∅) = 0\) |
| Sure Event | \(P(S) = 1\) |
| Range | \(0 ≤ P(E) ≤ 1\) |
Important Points to Remember
Classical probability assumes equally likely outcomes.
P(E) always satisfies 0 ≤ P(E) ≤ 1.
P(Ē) = 1 − P(E) where Ē is the complementary event.
For a standard deck: 52 cards, 4 suits, 13 cards each suit, 2 colours (26 each).