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Chapter 3 · Class XII Mathematics · NCERT Exercises

Matrices — Exercises

Order, Operations, Transpose & Invertibility — All Matrix Exercises Solved

📂 5 Exercises 📝 79 Questions 🎓 Moderate-High

Exercise Index

5 exercise files · 79 total questions

Chapter at a Glance

JEE MainCBSE BoardsCUET
13Concepts
16Formulas
Moderate-HighDifficulty
6–8%Weightage

Before You Begin

Prerequisites

  • Basic algebra — simultaneous equations
  • Class XI — Sets (for well-defined operations)
  • Arithmetic with fractions

Have Ready

  • 🔧Grid/graph paper for matrix layout
  • 🔧Calculator for larger products

Syllabus-wise Topic Map

3.1 IntroductionWhy matrices — compact representation of linear systems and data
3.2 MatrixDefinition; order m×n; row and column matrices; equality of matrices
3.3 Types of MatricesZero, square, diagonal, scalar, identity, triangular matrices
3.4 Operations on MatricesAddition, subtraction, scalar multiplication, matrix multiplication (AB≠BA)
3.5 Transpose of a MatrixAᵀ; properties (Aᵀ)ᵀ=A, (A+B)ᵀ=Aᵀ+Bᵀ, (AB)ᵀ=BᵀAᵀ
3.6 Symmetric and Skew Symmetric MatricesA=Aᵀ (symmetric); A=−Aᵀ (skew); expressing any square matrix as sum of both
3.7 Invertible MatricesA⁻¹ definition; AA⁻¹=I; uniqueness of inverse; elementary row/column operations

Key Formulae

\((A+B)^T = A^T+B^T;\quad (AB)^T = B^T A^T\)
\(A = \tfrac{1}{2}(A+A^T) + \tfrac{1}{2}(A-A^T)\ \text{(sym + skew)}\)
\(A A^{-1} = A^{-1}A = I\)
\(\text{Matrix mult. defined only if columns of }A = \text{rows of }B\)

NCERT Solving Method

Step 1 — Before multiplying, always check compatibility of orders (columns of first = rows of second). Step 2 — For symmetric/skew proofs: compute Aᵀ directly and compare entry-by-entry with A or −A. Step 3 — Elementary-operation inverse: apply the same row operation to A and I simultaneously until A becomes I; I becomes A⁻¹. Step 4 — Never assume AB=BA — verify separately if commutativity is claimed.

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